1) The boost pressure and temperature sensor is connected to the intake manifold with an O-ring and measures the absolute pressure and temperature inside the intake manifold.

2) The output signal is received by the electronic control unit. Here, the boost pressure is calculated using the programmed characteristic curve.

The engine oil pressure and temperature sensor detects the pressure and temperature and relays the data to the electronic control unit (ECU).

The engine coolant temperature sensor detects the engine coolant temperature and relays the data to the electronic control unit (ECU).

Fuel flows into the common rail pressure sensor via a passage running from the common rail.

The end of the pressure sensor is sealed with a diaphragm, and the pressurized fuel reaches the diaphragm of the sensor through a hole.

The sensor, which converts fuel pressure into an electrical signal, is connected to this diaphragm. The signal generated by the sensor amplifies the measurement signal and sends it to the electronic control unit where it is inputted into the evaluation circuit.

The positions of pistons in the combustion chamber play a very important role in fuel injection.

In every engine, pistons are connected to the crankshaft with connecting rods.

The crankshaft rpm sensor installed in the flywheel housing provides information about the position of every piston.

The rotation speed is defined as the number of rotations of the crankshaft per minute, and the main input variables are calculated by the electronic control unit (ECU) using signals from the crankshaft rpm sensor.

The camshaft rpm sensor controls the engine intake and exhaust valves.

Rotating at half the speed of the crankshaft, this sensor determines whether the camshaft is on the compression stroke or exhaust stroke as the pistons move towards the TDC.

This data cannot be detected by the crankshaft rpm sensor.

However, as long as the engine is operating normally, the data generated by the crankshaft rpm sensor is sufficient for determining the state of the engine. This means that the ECU receives information on the state of the engine from the crankshaft rpm sensor if the camshaft rpm sensor malfunctions while the

vehicle is in operation.

● This sensor measures the exhaust gas temperature in each part of the aftertreatment system and relays the data to the electronic control unit (ECU).

● The sensor measures upstream of the exhaust reduction system (DPF) and upstream/downstream of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system.

● This sensor measures the amount of NOx using the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gas and relays the data to the electronic control unit (ECU).

● The sensor measures upstream of the diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and downstream of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system.